Category

fundamentals

The building blocks: what peptides are, how they are made, and how they differ from proteins and conventional drugs. Start here if you want the science before the specifics.

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fundamentals

IL-31 and itch: what atopic dermatitis research shows

Ian Gauntt, RN BSN · Sep 15, 2026 · 13 min

IL-31 and itch drive the misery of atopic dermatitis. Here is what preclinical and clinical research reveals about the neuroimmune pathway and nemolizumab.

man in green scrub suit

fundamentals

Exendin-4 brain injury: what research shows

Ian Gauntt, RN BSN · Sep 8, 2026 · 12 min

A 2025 preclinical study tested exendin-4 brain injury protection in a fetal inflammatory model. Here is what the data found and what remains unknown.

a computer circuit board with a brain on it

fundamentals

Antidiabetic Drugs: What Parkinson's Research Shows

Ian Gauntt, RN BSN · Sep 6, 2026 · 12 min

A Bayesian meta-analysis compared antidiabetic drugs for Parkinson's disease risk. Here's what the preclinical and clinical evidence actually shows.

a drawing of a human heart

fundamentals

Diabetic Heart Damage: What New Studies Show

Ian Gauntt, RN BSN · Sep 1, 2026 · 12 min

Diabetic heart damage is the focus of new rat studies probing insulin signaling and post-PCI failure. Here is what the preclinical data found.

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fundamentals

Exendin-4: What Anxiety Research Shows

Ian Gauntt, RN BSN · Aug 30, 2026 · 14 min

Exendin-4 reduced anxiety-like behaviors in stressed mice by acting on GLP-1 receptors in the brain. Here is what the preclinical research actually found.

Dentist examining patient's teeth with dental tools.

fundamentals

PTH 1-34: What Periodontitis Research Shows

Ian Gauntt, RN BSN · Aug 25, 2026 · 11 min

PTH 1-34 reduced bone loss and shifted immune balance in a preclinical periodontitis model. Here is what the research actually found and what remains unknown.

woman in white long sleeve shirt wearing black framed eyeglasses

fundamentals

GLP-1 Medicines: Beyond Weight Loss

Ian Gauntt, RN BSN · Aug 23, 2026 · 12 min

GLP-1 medicines do more than cut calories. Explore what preclinical and clinical research reveals about their weight-loss-independent actions.

woman in white long sleeve shirt wearing black framed eyeglasses

fundamentals

GLP-1 Medicines: Beyond Weight Loss

Ian Gauntt, RN BSN · Aug 18, 2026 · 12 min

GLP-1 medicines do more than shrink waistlines. Explore the weight-loss-independent actions researchers are studying in heart, liver, and immune health.

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fundamentals

Hirudin: What Research Shows

Ian Gauntt, RN BSN · Aug 16, 2026 · 14 min

Discover what preclinical studies reveal about hirudin, a natural peptide, and how it may protect kidneys from uric acid-induced injury via NF-κB signaling.

brown human organs learning equipment

fundamentals

Hirudin: What Research Shows

Ian Gauntt, RN BSN · Aug 11, 2026 · 12 min

Discover what preclinical studies reveal about hirudin, a natural peptide, and how it may protect kidneys from uric acid injury via NF-κB signaling.

Abstract 3D metallic tubes and white geometric shapes.

fundamentals

N-Methylation: How It Shapes Peptides

Ian Gauntt, RN BSN · Aug 9, 2026 · 12 min

Learn how backbone N-methylation reshapes peptide structure and boosts protein binding, based on preclinical chemistry research. Fundamentals explained.

Abstract 3D metallic tubes and white geometric shapes.

fundamentals

N-Methylation: How It Shapes Peptides

Ian Gauntt, RN BSN · Aug 4, 2026 · 12 min

Learn how backbone N-methylation reshapes peptide structure and improves protein binding, based on preclinical chemistry research.

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fundamentals

GLP-1 Peptides: The Obesity-Inflammation Link

Ian Gauntt, RN BSN · Aug 2, 2026 · 12 min

GLP-1 receptor agonists may connect obesity and inflammation in arthritis and psoriasis. Here's what the latest research actually found.

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fundamentals

GLP-1 Agonists: The Obesity-Inflammation Link

Ian Gauntt, RN BSN · Jul 28, 2026 · 12 min

GLP-1 agonists may bridge obesity and inflammation in arthritis and psoriasis. Explore what early research says about this emerging connection.

Peptides vs Proteins vs Amino Acids: Size & Function

fundamentals

Peptides vs Proteins vs Amino Acids: Size & Function

Ian Gauntt, RN BSN · Jul 13, 2026 · 2 min

Chain length isn't trivia — it dictates synthesis, targeting, and clearance. The practical breakdown of amino acids vs peptides vs proteins.

A Century of Peptide Drugs: The Timeline

fundamentals

A Century of Peptide Drugs: The Timeline

Ian Gauntt, RN BSN · Jul 13, 2026 · 2 min

Insulin to SPPS to recombinant production to GLP-1s. The key milestones that turned peptides into one of pharma's fastest-growing categories.

The Peptide Boom: What's Driving the Surge

fundamentals

The Peptide Boom: What's Driving the Surge

Ian Gauntt, RN BSN · Jul 13, 2026 · 2 min

GLP-1 revenue, a maturing pipeline, and the longevity market. A clear-eyed look at the forces behind the peptide surge — and what's signal vs. hype.

The Peptide Bond: Formation & Geometry

fundamentals

The Peptide Bond: Formation & Geometry

Ian Gauntt, RN BSN · Jul 13, 2026 · 2 min

Condensation reaction, partial double-bond character, planar rigidity, N-to-C directionality. The structural fundamentals that govern every peptide.

Bioactive Peptides by Function: Classification

fundamentals

Bioactive Peptides by Function: Classification

Ian Gauntt, RN BSN · Jul 13, 2026 · 2 min

Antimicrobial, antihypertensive, antioxidant, immunomodulatory — a functional map of bioactive peptides and what determines a sequence's class.